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3000 BC
Egyptians may have been the first civilization
to build with concrete. Some scholars believe that
the pyramids were built with poured-in-place concrete.
It seems to make sense. It answers the mystery of
how they were able to move and install such huge "stones."
300
BC - 476 AD
The Romans used pozzolana cement to build Applian
Way, Roman baths, and the Colosseum and Pantheon in
Rome. Animal fat, milk and blood were used as admixtures
to create small air bubbles in concrete that made
the mix more durable.
1793
John Smeaton, a British engineer, used hydraulic lime
to rebuild Eddystone Lighthouse in Cornwall, England,
the first concrete structure since the Ancient Romans.
1824
Joseph Aspdin, an English inventor, invented Portland
cement by burning ground limestone with clay in a
lime kiln until carbon dioxide is driven off. The
product was then ground. It still remains the dominant
cement used in concrete production.
1836
The first systematic test of tensile and compressive
strength took place in Germany.
1867
Joseph Monier of France took flowerpots and reinforced
them with mesh wire, inventing the idea of concrete
reinforced by iron bars.
1886
First rotary kiln was introduced in England, replacing
the vertical shaft kilns, which allowed for continuous
production of cement.
1889
First concrete reinforced bridge was built.
1891
First concrete street in the United States was in
Bellefontaine, Ohio by George Bartholomew.
1900
Basic cement tests were standardized.
1903
The first concrete high rise was built in Cincinnati,
Ohio.
1908
Thomas Edison built eleven cast-in-place concrete
houses in Union, New Jersey. The are still being used
today.
1909
Thomas Edison was issued a patent for rotary kilns.
1936
The first major concrete dams, the Hoover and Grand
Coley Dams, were built.
1967
First concrete domed sport structure, Assembly Hall,
was constructed at The University of Illinois.
1970's
Fiber reinforcement in concrete was introduced. The
CN Tower in Toronto, Canada was built. It was the
tallest slip-form building to date in 1975.
1985
Silica fume was introduced as a pozzolanic additive.
1992
Tallest reinforced concrete building in the world
(946 ft) was constructed in Chicago, Illinois.
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